The Relationship Between Nutrition And Its Effects On...

The proposed study aims to examine the relationship between nutrition and its effects on health and well being through a randomized experiment with control and treatment groups. There are several studies that research the relationship between nutrition and aging and show the promising affects. In this study, different types of nutritional diets will be examined and implemented in an intervention plan. Two plans will be implemented to cater to those of high and low socioeconomic status. One hundred and twenty participants will be split between the two groups. Within the two groups there will be a treatment group and control group. They will follow their assignment for duration of three months. They will be required to take part in†¦show more content†¦However, there is limited research on the direct link between dietary choices and well being (Blanchflower, 2013). Many studies completed have looked at the link between certain types of nutrients and effects on health including antioxidants, vitamin B, and many others. In this study, researchers will look at similar nutrient components found in certain foods and drinks and implement an intervention with said foods. Researchers will focus on the roles of foods like fruits and vegetables, water, and sugar. Research conducted on fruits and vegetables consumption show evidence for the existence of a positive association between health leading to better well-being (Blanchflower, 2013). Furthermore, there has been evidence showing the absorption of dietary flavonoids in humans and the contributions of flavonoids to the antioxidant capacity measured in fruits and vegetables. This sates, phytochemicals are a source of dietary antioxidants and may be responsible for the health benefits observed with increased consumption of fruits and vegetables (Prior, 2000). It’s a known fact that water is essential to life. Research orchestrated on water shows the importance of water consumption and issues with lack of w ater intake on the body. It is stated, â€Å"water is quantitatively the most important nutrient† and has show major effects inside and outside the body (Popkin, 2010).†

Tourism in Dubai - Dubais Natural Environment, Society, Heritage Case Study

Essays on Tourism in Dubai - Dubai's Natural Environment, Society, Heritage Resources, Push and Pull Factors, Kinds of Accommodation Available Case Study The paper â€Å"Tourism in Dubai - Dubai’s Natural Environment, Society, Heritage Resources, Push and Pull Factors, Kinds of Accommodation Available† is a  variant of case study on tourism. Dubai is located in the Southwest of Persian gulf. It has the highest population among the United Arab Emirates states with an area of 2,106,177 square kilometers. It is located between the Far East and Europe. The city has more than one hundred shipping lines and over one hundred airlines. It is next to Saudi Arabia (Sampler Eigner 2008). Dubai is one of the major destinations or emirates of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates. In the year 1997, the department of tourism and marketing commerce was established in Dubai. The main aim of this department was to increase the tourism rate and market Dubai to the outside world. It aims at attracting many tourists to Dubai by marketing both heritage and natural environment in Dubai (Davidson 2008). Tourism has been a major sou rce of revenue for the government of Dubai and it has also enabled the government to attract foreign currency. For example in the year 2011, Dubai served a total of 9,000,000 tourists (Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing 2013).Dubai’s natural environmentThere are various reasons why Dubai is able to attract this large number of tourists. One of the attractions of the tourists is the natural environment, the kind of society found in Dubai and many other tourist attractions. Besides Dubai being next to the coastal region, it has some natural environment which attracts the tourists (Sharpley 2008). The semi-desert climate in Dubai is different from those of other countries. The semi-desert trees such as Flora and Fauna are good for viewing. The natural harbor of Dubai further is rare to many countries thus it acts as a natural environment that attracts the tourists. In addition, the Persian Gulf is another natural att5raction for tourists in Dubai. The Gulf connects wit h Oman Gulf. At the cross points of these two Gulfs, they make a good environment that is rare to find in other places. Therefore natural semi-desert environment and the natural harbor provide tourist features (Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing 2013).Society in DubaiThe economy of Dubai is dominated by manufacturing and tourism. Not only tourism and manufacturing industries are in Dubai, but there are also some other sectors that have started coming up like Agriculture (Davidson 2008). The major exports of Dubai are electronics. Dubai city comprises many people from different cultures, therefore, it is a multi-culture city. The main language which is spoken in Dubai is English although there are some other minor languages. These different cultures make it a diversity city.The city can be traced from its history. There have been some problems with leadership. Since the economy of the city began to grow tremendously, the system of government changed. It was hard to manage t hat large number of people (Rugh 2007). The city has a cosmopolitan and multicultural society. The initial population was small but with the arrival of other nationalities starting with the nationals of Iran, the city’s population grew. There have been reported ethnic clashes. The main cultures in Dubai are Islamic and Arab culture. The society in Dubai can be recognized by the way people live. For instance, the architecture, the dressing style and the kind of religions help the tourists(Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing 2013).

Management Accounting †Setting Prices Free Essays

cco Management Accounting Tutorial 5 15-3. List and briefly describe 4 major influences on pricing decisions Customer Demand: the demands of customers are of paramount importance in all phases of business operations, from the design of a product to the setting of its price. Product-design issues and pricing considerations are interrelated, so they must be examined simultaneously. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Accounting – Setting Prices or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, for a higher quality product; you need higher quality materials which will affect a higher cost and needs more time and this will lead to a higher pricing on a product. Also, a manager must not price its product out of the market price range. Actions of Competitors: companies must keep an eye on its competitors. If its competitor reduces its pricing on a product, they might have to follow suit to avoid losing its market share. However, one must not follow the actions of its competitors’ blindly as a company has to predict competitive reactions to its product-design and pricing strategy. The company must also be careful to properly define its product, such that if they increase the price of the product; will the consumers continue purchasing the product? Costs: some prices are determined almost entirely by market forces. Industries such as agriculture; where most products are market-driven. To make a profit, farmers must produce at a cost below the market price. This is very risky as it is not always possible to produce at a price lower than the market price and this will inevitably lead to losses for the farmers. In other industries, prices are set by adding a markup to production costs so managers do have some latitude in determining the markup. Therefore, both market forces and cost considerations heavily influence prices. No organization or industry can price its products below their production costs indefinitely. And no company’s management can set prices blindly at a cost plus a markup without keeping an eye on the market. Political, Legal and image-related issues: managers must adhere to certain laws. The law generally prohibits companies from discriminating among their customers in setting prices. It is also forbidden in collusion in price setting between major firms. Political considerations also can be relevant. For example, if the firms in an industry are perceived by the public as reaping unfairly large profits, there may be political pressure on legislators to tax those profits differentially or to intervene in some way to regulate prices Companies also consider their public image in the price-setting process. A firm with a reputation for very high quality products may set the price of a new product high to be consistent with its image. 15-11. Write the general formula for cost-plus pricing, and briefly explain its use. Price = Cost + (Markup % * Cost) 15-12. List the 4 common cost bases used in cost-plus pricing. How can they all result in the same price? – Variable manufacturing cost + (Markup % * Variable manufacturing cost) – Absorption manufacturing cost + (Markup % * Absorption manufacturing cost) – Total cost + (Markup % * Total cost) – Total variable cost + (Markup % * Total variable cost) Several different definitions of cost, each combined with a different markup percentage can result in the same price for a product or service. 15-13. List 4 reasons often cited for the widespread use of absorption cost as the cost base in cost-plus pricing formulas. – In the long run, the price must over all costs and a normal profit margin. Basing the cost-plus formula on only variable costs could encourage managers to set too low a price in order to boost sales. This will not happen if managers understand that a variable cost-plus pricing formula requires a higher markup to cover fixed costs and profit. Nevertheless, many managers argue that people tend to view the costs base in a cost-plus pricing formula as the floor for setting prices. If prices are set too close to variable manufacturing cost, the firm will fail to cover its fixed costs. Ultimately, such a practice could result in the failure of the business. Absorption-cost or total-cost pricing formulas provide a justifiable price that tends to be perceived as equitable by all parties. Consumers generally understand that a company must make a profit on its product or service in order to remain in business. Justifying a price as the total cost of production, sales, and administrative activities, plus a reasonable profit margin, seems reasonable to buyers. – When a company’s competitors have similar operations and cost structure, cost-plus pricing based on full costs gives management an idea of how competitors may set prices Absorption-cost information is provided by a firm’s cost accounting system, because it is required for external financial reporting under generally accepted accounting principles. Since absorption-cost information already exists, it is cost-effective to use it for pricing. The alternative would involve preparing special product-cost data specifically for the pricing decision. In a firm with hundreds of products, such data could be expensive to product. 15-14. What is the primary disadvantage of basing the cost-plus pricing formula on absorption cost? The primary disadvantage of absorption-cost or total-cost pricing formulas is hat they obscure the cost behavior pattern of the firm. Since absorption-cost and total-cost data include allocated fixed costs, it is not clear from these data how the firmâ₠¬â„¢s total costs will change as volume changes. Another way of stating this criticism is that absorption-cost data are not consistent with cost-volume-profit analysis. CVP analysis emphasizes the distinction between fixed and variable costs. This approach enables managers to predict the effects of changes in prices and sales volume on profit. Absorption-cost and total-cost information obscures the distinction between variable and fixed costs. 5-15. List 3 advantages of pricing based on variable cost – Variable-cost data do obscure the cost behavior pattern by unitizing fixed costs and making them appear variable. Thus, variable-cost information is more consistent with cost-volume profit analysis often used by managers to see the profit implications of changes in price and volume – Variable-cost data do not require allocation of common fixed costs to individual product lines. – Variable-cost data are exactly the type of information managers need when facing cert ain decisions, such as whether to accept a special order. This decision often requires an analysis that separates fixed and variable costs 15-16. Explain the behavioral problem that can result when cost-plus prices are based on variable cost. If the managers perceive the variable cost of a product or service as the floor for the price, they may tend to set the price too low for the firm to cover its fixed costs. Therefore, if variable-cost data are used as the basis for cost-plus pricing, managers must understand the need for higher markups to ensure that all costs are covered. 15-17. Briefly explain the concept of return-on-investment pricing A common approach to determine the profit margin in cost-plus pricing is to base profit on the firm’s target return on investment 15-18. Explain the phrase price-led costing. Target costing sets the target cost by first determining the price at which a product can be sold in the marketplace. Subtracting the target profit margin from this target price yields the target cost, that is, the cost at which the product must be manufactured. This simple, but strategically important, relationship can expressed in the following equation: Target cost = Target price – Target profit 15-19. Why is a focus on the customer such a key principle of target costing? To be successful at target costing, management must listen to the company’s customers. Management needs to aggressively seek customer feedback and then the products must be designed to satisfy customer demand and be sold at a price they are willing to pay. In short, the target costing approach is market driven. 15-25. Describe the following approaches to pricing new products: skimming pricing, penetration pricing and target costing. Skimming pricing; which the initial product price is set high, and short-term profits are reaped on the new product. The initial market will be small, due in part to the high initial price. This pricing approach often is used for unique products, where there are people who ‘must have it’ whatever the price. As the product gains acceptance and its appeal broadens, the price is lowered gradually. Eventually, the product is priced in range that appeals to several kinds of buyers. Penetration pricing; which the initial price is set relatively low. By setting a low price for a new product, the management hopes to penetrate a ew market deeply, quickly gaining a large market share. This pricing approach often is used for products that are of good quality, but do not stand out as vastly better than competing products. Target cost; where the company first uses market research to determine the price at which a new product can be sold. Given the likely sales price, management compu tes the cost for which the product must be manufactured in order to provide the firm with the cost for which the product must be manufactured in order to provide the firm with an acceptable profit margin. Finally, the engineers and cost analysts work together to design a product that can be manufactured for the allowable costs. This method is used widely by companies in the development stages of new products. It is projected long-run cost that will enable a firm to enter and remain in the market for the product and compete successfully with the firm’s competitors. 15-27. Briefly explain the potential negative consequences in pricing decisions from using a traditional, volume-based product-costing system. Use of a traditional, volume-based product-costing system may result in significant cost distortion among product lines. In many cases, high-volume and relatively simple products are overcosted while low-volume and complex products are undercosted. This results from the fact that high0volume and relatively simple products require proportionately less activity per unit for various manufacturing support activities than do low-volume and complex products, yet a traditional product-costing system, in which all overhead is assigned on the basis of a single unit-level activity like DL hours, it fails to capture the cost implications of product diversity. How to cite Management Accounting – Setting Prices, Essay examples

Bosch Comparison of Gospel of Matthew and Luke

Bosch Comparison of Gospel of Matthew and Luke-Acts Essay Gospel of Matthew: Discipleship Model The gospel of Matthews overarching theme can be summarized in the Great Commission, Matthew 28:16-20. It is for the Jewish Christian Community that Matthew writes his gospel. His goal is to assist with the development of a missionary culture that will match the challenges of his community and he uses his gospel as a vehicle to accomplish his goal. (Bosch: 59) Matthew, through his gospel, suggests that the differences between the Pharisaic Jews and the Jewish Christians could be bridged through missions to the Gentiles. He desired for his community to transition from a sectarian view to an inclusive one. Bosch: 60) In Matthews opinion, a missionary community was one that understood itself as being different from the community in which it lived but also commuted to changing that community for the better. (Bosch: 84) Matthew used the key concepts of the Great Commission as a tool to assist his readers with self-identity and to attempt to bridge the gap between the Jewish Christians and the legalistic Pharisees of the time. The important concepts found in the Gospel of Matthew were the reign of God, Gods will, Justice, commandments, the challenge to be perfect, to surpass or xcel, to observe or keep, to bear fruit and to teach. Matthews gospel focuses on these key concepts; which could also be called key attributes of an individual who wants to follow Christ. Matthew used the parables of Jesus, Jesus Sermon on the Mount and very specific language to reinforce his viewpoint of mission. According to Bosch, in surveying the Gospel of Matthew there is no universal theme with regard to missi ons; however, he did believe that in order for Christians to find out who they really are they must be involved in missions by sharing the gospel with others. (Bosch: 84) Luke-Acts: Forgiveness and Solidarity Although Luke was a Gentile, his focus was on the Jewish Christians and the relationship between Jews and Gentiles in respect to salvation and forgiveness; and salvation and forgiveness were his main themes. Luke takes a theological approach to explaining mission. In Lukes writings there are also recurring themes, as in Matthew that are evident: the ministry of the Holy Spirit, the centrality of repentance (Bosch: 87) Through the aforementioned concepts/themes Lukes addressed the issue of the transition of the Christian community from being exclusively Jewish to being predominately Gentile. He used his writings to express the importance of Jesus and his coming and he uses the Holy Spirit throughout his writings to affirm his viewpoint. (Bosch:88) Luke also uses geography to explain the importance of mission to the Jews as well as the Gentile by focusing on where Jesus ministry began and would ultimately end. He used Jesus Journey to explain the salvation offered to all, Jews first and then the Gentiles. He also focused on the Jewishness of Jesus, Just a Matthew did. Bosch:95) It is apparent that Luke focuses on salvation and repentance throughout his gospel as well as the book of Acts. His focus is on Jesus Christ and his sacrifice as the reason why individuals should repent and live better lives. Whats interesting about Luke is that, unlike Matthew, he does not portray the Jewish people as the only ones who reject Jesus but writes that both Jews and Gentiles rejected Jesus. In his writings, it is the Holy Spirit that initiates the mission and directs the missionary whe re they should go, as seen in his writings about Paul. Bosch 115) Now lets look at Boschs comparison of the gospels. Comparison of Matthew and Luke-Acts According to Bosch, for some scholars/theologians Luke 4:16-21 replaces the Great Commission as the key text for understanding both Jesus mission and the mission of the church. Matthews audience was the Jewish Christian Community, whereas Lukes audience was for Christians who were predominately Gentile. Matthew was probably writing to a single community in his gospel and Luke was probably writing to several different communities. Bosch:85) With regard to similarities, both gospels were written around the same time. Both Matthew and Luke used Marks gospel and the Sayings-Source (or Q) as sources for their writings. Both were writing to communities that were going through a transitional period. The men wrote their ospels during a time when individuals had all but forgotten about the significant things Jesus accomplished during his min istry and excitement over the second coming of Jesus had grown cold. .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 , .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 .postImageUrl , .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 , .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59:hover , .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59:visited , .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59:active { border:0!important; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59:active , .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59 .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa0d9756e72258d557270458e9869b59:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hobbes Philosophy EssayBoth were in communities where the church was being tested and going through some identity crises. Both wanted to encourage the churches in their communities and help them through the transitions but they had different perspectives on how to do it; however, the both felt that mission was of fundamental importance. Bibliography Bosch, David J. Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 2011.